Deng Xiaoping and the Strategic Path of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
—In commemoration of Deng Xiaoping’s 110th Birthday

[i] The article was published in the August 21, 2014 issue of the People’s Daily.

[ii] Deng Xiaoping made the remark while meeting with Italian journalist Oriana Fallaci on August 21, 1980. See “Answers to the Italian Journalist Oriana Fallaci”, Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Volume II.

[iii] Embraced by Hua Guofeng, the doctrine implored the people to uphold whatever policies Chairman Mao adopted and abide by whatever instructions he made.

[iv] Adopted in 1987, the policy stipulated economic development as the “one central task” and upholding reform and opening up and the Four Cardinal Principles as the “two basic points”.

[v] See “We Must Safeguard World Peace and Ensure Domestic Development,” May 29, 1984, Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Volume III.

[vi] Deng Xiaoping’s talk to leading members of the Central Committee on the international situation and China’s development in September 1989 and April 1992, respectively.

[vii] Deng Xiaoping’s talk to leading members of the Central Committee on the international situation in December 1990. 

[viii] Deng Xiaoping’s talk to leading members of the Central Committee in March 1990.

[ix] “The Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party Since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China”, adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 11^th Central Committee of the CPC held in June 1981, summed up the major historical events of the party over the 32 years since the founding of New China, particularly the Cultural Revolution.

[x] Deng Xiaoping made the remark while meeting with Dutch Prime Minister Rudolphus Lubbers in May 1987. See “Reform and Opening up to the Outside World Can Truly Invigorate China,” Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Volume III.

[xi] See “We Are Undertaking an Entirely New Endeavor,” October 1987, Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Volume III. 

[xii] The "Three-plus-one" trading-mix refers to customized manufacturing with materials, designs or samples supplied and compensation trade.

[xiii] Deng Xiaoping made the remark in meeting with Stefan Korosec, member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, in June 1987. See “We Shall Speed up Reform,” Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Volume III.

[xiv] See “Excerpts from Talks Given in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shanghai”, January-February 1992, Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Volume III.

[xv] Ibid.

[xvi] Ibid.

[xvii] See “Speech at the National Conference on Education,” April 1978, Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Volume II.

[xviii] This was the inscription that Deng Xiaoping wrote for Bao-shan Iron and Steel Works in 1982 while paying an inspection visit there.

[xix] “Zhuzi baijia” (literally “one hundred schools of thought”) was an era that coincided with the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods in ancient China, in which different schools of philosophical thought, including Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism, emerged, flourished, and vied with each other.

[xx] See “Excerpts from Talks Given in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shanghai”, January-February 1992, Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Volume III.